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for a short time

  • 1 parumper

    for a short time, for a little while, for a bit

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > parumper

  • 2 paulisper

    for a little while, for a short time.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > paulisper

  • 3 breve

    brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).
    I.
    Lit., in space.
    A.
    In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    brevior via,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:

    via brevis,

    Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:

    cursus brevissimus,

    Verg. A. 3, 507:

    brevius iter,

    Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:

    cursu brevissimus Almo,

    id. M. 14, 329:

    quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?

    so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.

    also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,

    id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:

    non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,

    Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:

    brevissima terra,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:

    in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,

    a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:

    brevibus Gyaris,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),

    that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:

    quo brevius valent,

    the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—
    2.
    Trop. of the journey of life:

    quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?

    Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:

    vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,

    Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:

    fila vitae breviora,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —
    B.
    In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);

    of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

    ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

    Quint. 2, 3, 8:

    forma,

    Ov. M. 5, 457:

    (puella) longa brevisque,

    id. Am. 2, 4, 36:

    brevis corpore,

    Suet. Galb. 3;

    id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,

    Ov. M. 9, 789.—

    Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

    lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    brevior ilex,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:

    mus,

    little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —
    C.
    In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):

    puteus,

    Juv. 3, 226:

    vada,

    Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:

    tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,

    Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:

    brevia litorum,

    id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:

    breve,

    Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—
    2.
    Trop.:

    brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,

    difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—
    D.
    Of the line of a circle:

    ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,

    makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.

    of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,

    Plin. 2. 15, 13, §

    63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,

    Sen. Hippol. 314. —
    II.
    Transf., of time.
    A.
    Lit. (the usu. signif. of the word), short, brief, small, little.
    1.
    In gen.:

    quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:

    breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

    brevis hora,

    Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

    occasio,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:

    brevis hic est fructus homulleis,

    short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:

    MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,

    Inscr. Orell. 558:

    omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:

    quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

    Sall. C. 1, 3; so,

    vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:

    aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,

    occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:

    brevissimum tempus,

    id. 5, 6, 7:

    detrimentum,

    Quint. 11, 1, 10:

    arbitrium mortis,

    Tac. A. 15, 60:

    breves populi Romani amores,

    id. ib. 2, 41:

    tempus,

    Suet. Ner. 20 al.:

    nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,

    Cat. 5, 5:

    fructus,

    Lucr. 3, 914:

    aevum,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

    anni,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:

    ver,

    Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:

    flores rosae,

    quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:

    lilium,

    id. ib. 1, 36, 16:

    cena,

    frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

    mensa,

    id. A. P. 198:

    dominus,

    living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:

    stultitia,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 27:

    ira furor brevis est,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

    actio brevis atque concisa,

    Quint. 6, 4, 2:

    somnus,

    Sen. Troad. 441:

    nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,

    nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:

    domus,

    Sen. Hippol. 762:

    fortuna,

    Sil. 4, 734.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:

    brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,

    Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—
    b.
    In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):

    inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,

    Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:

    in multo breviore temporis spatio,

    id. Aug. 22:

    multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,

    Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:

    spatio brevi,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

    res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:

    sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,

    soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;

    acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,

    Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:

    brevi deinde,

    id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:

    fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,

    Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,

    Liv. 1, 9, 9:

    brevi omnia subegit,

    Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—
    c.
    Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:

    illa brevi spatio silet,

    id. ib. 7, 307; so,

    * breve,

    Cat. 61, 187.—
    d.
    Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:

    ad breve quoddam tempus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—
    B.
    Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.
    1.
    Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):

    narratio,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;

    comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,

    id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:

    nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,

    id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:

    quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!

    id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:

    Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):

    breviores commentarii,

    Quint. 3, 8, 58:

    annotatio,

    id. 10, 7, 31:

    brevia illa atque concisa,

    id. 10, 7, 10; so,

    sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 60:

    causae,

    id. 6, 1, 8:

    docendi compendia,

    id. 1, 1, 24:

    comprehensiones,

    id. 12, 2, 19:

    quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,

    id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:

    multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:

    brevior in scribendo,

    id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

    brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

    Hor. A. P. 25:

    in eloquendo brevis,

    Quint. 10, 1, 63:

    densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,

    id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):

    brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,

    Charis. p. 176 P.:

    id percurram brevi,

    Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

    aliquid explicare,

    id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:

    circumscribere et definire,

    id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

    complecti,

    id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

    exponere,

    id. ib. 1, 46, 203:

    reprehendere,

    id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

    reddere,

    id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    respondere,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    perscribere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:

    in brevi,

    Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:

    quid scribam? breve faciam,

    Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:

    longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,

    id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:

    in breve coactae causae,

    Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:

    in breve coactio causae,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:

    brevis nominum,

    Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—
    2.
    Of a short syllable;

    rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,

    Hor. A. P. 251:

    a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):

    dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,

    Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:

    in fine pro longā accipi brevem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:

    plurimum habent celeritatis breves,

    id. 9, 4, 91.—

    Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—
    C.
    For parvus, exiguus, little, small:

    exigua pars brevisque,

    Lucr. 5, 591:

    Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

    Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,

    Ov. H. 2, 119:

    brevi latere ac pede longo est,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.

    just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,

    Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:

    parvae alvi): mus,

    Ov. F. 2, 574:

    forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),

    id. M. 5, 457.—

    So, lapathi herba,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):

    folia breviora,

    id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):

    census,

    id. C. 2, 15, 13:

    pondus,

    id. S. 2, 2, 37:

    impensa,

    Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:

    sigillum,

    id. M. 6, 86:

    insulae,

    Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:

    offulae,

    id. 1, 29, 4:

    pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,

    Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:

    breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,

    Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.
    1.
    Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:

    parvo brevius quam totus,

    a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

    Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,

    Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,
    2.
    (Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.
    a.
    In gen.:

    iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,

    Gell. 19, 1, 20.—
    b.
    Esp.
    (α).
    In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:

    sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,

    Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    rem totam breviter cognoscite,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:

    summatim breviterque describere,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    breviter tangere,

    id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:

    breviter et modice disserere,

    Sall. J. 111, 1:

    adicere aliquid,

    Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:

    omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),

    Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—
    (β).
    Of syllables:

    quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > breve

  • 4 brevi

    brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).
    I.
    Lit., in space.
    A.
    In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    brevior via,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:

    via brevis,

    Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:

    cursus brevissimus,

    Verg. A. 3, 507:

    brevius iter,

    Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:

    cursu brevissimus Almo,

    id. M. 14, 329:

    quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?

    so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.

    also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,

    id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:

    non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,

    Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:

    brevissima terra,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:

    in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,

    a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:

    brevibus Gyaris,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),

    that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:

    quo brevius valent,

    the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—
    2.
    Trop. of the journey of life:

    quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?

    Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:

    vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,

    Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:

    fila vitae breviora,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —
    B.
    In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);

    of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

    ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

    Quint. 2, 3, 8:

    forma,

    Ov. M. 5, 457:

    (puella) longa brevisque,

    id. Am. 2, 4, 36:

    brevis corpore,

    Suet. Galb. 3;

    id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,

    Ov. M. 9, 789.—

    Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

    lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    brevior ilex,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:

    mus,

    little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —
    C.
    In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):

    puteus,

    Juv. 3, 226:

    vada,

    Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:

    tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,

    Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:

    brevia litorum,

    id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:

    breve,

    Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—
    2.
    Trop.:

    brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,

    difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—
    D.
    Of the line of a circle:

    ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,

    makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.

    of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,

    Plin. 2. 15, 13, §

    63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,

    Sen. Hippol. 314. —
    II.
    Transf., of time.
    A.
    Lit. (the usu. signif. of the word), short, brief, small, little.
    1.
    In gen.:

    quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:

    breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

    brevis hora,

    Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

    occasio,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:

    brevis hic est fructus homulleis,

    short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:

    MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,

    Inscr. Orell. 558:

    omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:

    quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

    Sall. C. 1, 3; so,

    vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:

    aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,

    occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:

    brevissimum tempus,

    id. 5, 6, 7:

    detrimentum,

    Quint. 11, 1, 10:

    arbitrium mortis,

    Tac. A. 15, 60:

    breves populi Romani amores,

    id. ib. 2, 41:

    tempus,

    Suet. Ner. 20 al.:

    nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,

    Cat. 5, 5:

    fructus,

    Lucr. 3, 914:

    aevum,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

    anni,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:

    ver,

    Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:

    flores rosae,

    quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:

    lilium,

    id. ib. 1, 36, 16:

    cena,

    frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

    mensa,

    id. A. P. 198:

    dominus,

    living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:

    stultitia,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 27:

    ira furor brevis est,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

    actio brevis atque concisa,

    Quint. 6, 4, 2:

    somnus,

    Sen. Troad. 441:

    nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,

    nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:

    domus,

    Sen. Hippol. 762:

    fortuna,

    Sil. 4, 734.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:

    brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,

    Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—
    b.
    In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):

    inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,

    Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:

    in multo breviore temporis spatio,

    id. Aug. 22:

    multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,

    Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:

    spatio brevi,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

    res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:

    sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,

    soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;

    acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,

    Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:

    brevi deinde,

    id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:

    fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,

    Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,

    Liv. 1, 9, 9:

    brevi omnia subegit,

    Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—
    c.
    Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:

    illa brevi spatio silet,

    id. ib. 7, 307; so,

    * breve,

    Cat. 61, 187.—
    d.
    Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:

    ad breve quoddam tempus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—
    B.
    Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.
    1.
    Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):

    narratio,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;

    comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,

    id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:

    nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,

    id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:

    quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!

    id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:

    Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):

    breviores commentarii,

    Quint. 3, 8, 58:

    annotatio,

    id. 10, 7, 31:

    brevia illa atque concisa,

    id. 10, 7, 10; so,

    sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 60:

    causae,

    id. 6, 1, 8:

    docendi compendia,

    id. 1, 1, 24:

    comprehensiones,

    id. 12, 2, 19:

    quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,

    id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:

    multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:

    brevior in scribendo,

    id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

    brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

    Hor. A. P. 25:

    in eloquendo brevis,

    Quint. 10, 1, 63:

    densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,

    id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):

    brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,

    Charis. p. 176 P.:

    id percurram brevi,

    Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

    aliquid explicare,

    id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:

    circumscribere et definire,

    id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

    complecti,

    id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

    exponere,

    id. ib. 1, 46, 203:

    reprehendere,

    id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

    reddere,

    id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    respondere,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    perscribere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:

    in brevi,

    Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:

    quid scribam? breve faciam,

    Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:

    longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,

    id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:

    in breve coactae causae,

    Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:

    in breve coactio causae,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:

    brevis nominum,

    Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—
    2.
    Of a short syllable;

    rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,

    Hor. A. P. 251:

    a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):

    dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,

    Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:

    in fine pro longā accipi brevem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:

    plurimum habent celeritatis breves,

    id. 9, 4, 91.—

    Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—
    C.
    For parvus, exiguus, little, small:

    exigua pars brevisque,

    Lucr. 5, 591:

    Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

    Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,

    Ov. H. 2, 119:

    brevi latere ac pede longo est,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.

    just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,

    Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:

    parvae alvi): mus,

    Ov. F. 2, 574:

    forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),

    id. M. 5, 457.—

    So, lapathi herba,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):

    folia breviora,

    id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):

    census,

    id. C. 2, 15, 13:

    pondus,

    id. S. 2, 2, 37:

    impensa,

    Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:

    sigillum,

    id. M. 6, 86:

    insulae,

    Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:

    offulae,

    id. 1, 29, 4:

    pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,

    Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:

    breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,

    Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.
    1.
    Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:

    parvo brevius quam totus,

    a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

    Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,

    Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,
    2.
    (Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.
    a.
    In gen.:

    iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,

    Gell. 19, 1, 20.—
    b.
    Esp.
    (α).
    In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:

    sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,

    Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    rem totam breviter cognoscite,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:

    summatim breviterque describere,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    breviter tangere,

    id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:

    breviter et modice disserere,

    Sall. J. 111, 1:

    adicere aliquid,

    Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:

    omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),

    Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—
    (β).
    Of syllables:

    quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > brevi

  • 5 brevia

    brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).
    I.
    Lit., in space.
    A.
    In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    brevior via,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:

    via brevis,

    Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:

    cursus brevissimus,

    Verg. A. 3, 507:

    brevius iter,

    Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:

    cursu brevissimus Almo,

    id. M. 14, 329:

    quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?

    so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.

    also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,

    id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:

    non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,

    Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:

    brevissima terra,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:

    in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,

    a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:

    brevibus Gyaris,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),

    that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:

    quo brevius valent,

    the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—
    2.
    Trop. of the journey of life:

    quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?

    Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:

    vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,

    Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:

    fila vitae breviora,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —
    B.
    In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);

    of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

    ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

    Quint. 2, 3, 8:

    forma,

    Ov. M. 5, 457:

    (puella) longa brevisque,

    id. Am. 2, 4, 36:

    brevis corpore,

    Suet. Galb. 3;

    id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,

    Ov. M. 9, 789.—

    Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

    lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    brevior ilex,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:

    mus,

    little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —
    C.
    In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):

    puteus,

    Juv. 3, 226:

    vada,

    Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:

    tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,

    Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:

    brevia litorum,

    id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:

    breve,

    Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—
    2.
    Trop.:

    brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,

    difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—
    D.
    Of the line of a circle:

    ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,

    makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.

    of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,

    Plin. 2. 15, 13, §

    63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,

    Sen. Hippol. 314. —
    II.
    Transf., of time.
    A.
    Lit. (the usu. signif. of the word), short, brief, small, little.
    1.
    In gen.:

    quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:

    breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

    brevis hora,

    Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

    occasio,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:

    brevis hic est fructus homulleis,

    short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:

    MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,

    Inscr. Orell. 558:

    omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:

    quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

    Sall. C. 1, 3; so,

    vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:

    aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,

    occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:

    brevissimum tempus,

    id. 5, 6, 7:

    detrimentum,

    Quint. 11, 1, 10:

    arbitrium mortis,

    Tac. A. 15, 60:

    breves populi Romani amores,

    id. ib. 2, 41:

    tempus,

    Suet. Ner. 20 al.:

    nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,

    Cat. 5, 5:

    fructus,

    Lucr. 3, 914:

    aevum,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

    anni,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:

    ver,

    Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:

    flores rosae,

    quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:

    lilium,

    id. ib. 1, 36, 16:

    cena,

    frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

    mensa,

    id. A. P. 198:

    dominus,

    living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:

    stultitia,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 27:

    ira furor brevis est,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

    actio brevis atque concisa,

    Quint. 6, 4, 2:

    somnus,

    Sen. Troad. 441:

    nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,

    nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:

    domus,

    Sen. Hippol. 762:

    fortuna,

    Sil. 4, 734.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:

    brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,

    Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—
    b.
    In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):

    inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,

    Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:

    in multo breviore temporis spatio,

    id. Aug. 22:

    multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,

    Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:

    spatio brevi,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

    res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:

    sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,

    soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;

    acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,

    Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:

    brevi deinde,

    id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:

    fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,

    Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,

    Liv. 1, 9, 9:

    brevi omnia subegit,

    Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—
    c.
    Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:

    illa brevi spatio silet,

    id. ib. 7, 307; so,

    * breve,

    Cat. 61, 187.—
    d.
    Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:

    ad breve quoddam tempus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—
    B.
    Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.
    1.
    Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):

    narratio,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;

    comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,

    id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:

    nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,

    id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:

    quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!

    id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:

    Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):

    breviores commentarii,

    Quint. 3, 8, 58:

    annotatio,

    id. 10, 7, 31:

    brevia illa atque concisa,

    id. 10, 7, 10; so,

    sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 60:

    causae,

    id. 6, 1, 8:

    docendi compendia,

    id. 1, 1, 24:

    comprehensiones,

    id. 12, 2, 19:

    quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,

    id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:

    multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:

    brevior in scribendo,

    id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

    brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

    Hor. A. P. 25:

    in eloquendo brevis,

    Quint. 10, 1, 63:

    densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,

    id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):

    brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,

    Charis. p. 176 P.:

    id percurram brevi,

    Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

    aliquid explicare,

    id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:

    circumscribere et definire,

    id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

    complecti,

    id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

    exponere,

    id. ib. 1, 46, 203:

    reprehendere,

    id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

    reddere,

    id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    respondere,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    perscribere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:

    in brevi,

    Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:

    quid scribam? breve faciam,

    Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:

    longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,

    id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:

    in breve coactae causae,

    Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:

    in breve coactio causae,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:

    brevis nominum,

    Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—
    2.
    Of a short syllable;

    rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,

    Hor. A. P. 251:

    a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):

    dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,

    Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:

    in fine pro longā accipi brevem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:

    plurimum habent celeritatis breves,

    id. 9, 4, 91.—

    Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—
    C.
    For parvus, exiguus, little, small:

    exigua pars brevisque,

    Lucr. 5, 591:

    Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

    Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,

    Ov. H. 2, 119:

    brevi latere ac pede longo est,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.

    just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,

    Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:

    parvae alvi): mus,

    Ov. F. 2, 574:

    forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),

    id. M. 5, 457.—

    So, lapathi herba,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):

    folia breviora,

    id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):

    census,

    id. C. 2, 15, 13:

    pondus,

    id. S. 2, 2, 37:

    impensa,

    Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:

    sigillum,

    id. M. 6, 86:

    insulae,

    Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:

    offulae,

    id. 1, 29, 4:

    pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,

    Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:

    breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,

    Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.
    1.
    Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:

    parvo brevius quam totus,

    a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

    Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,

    Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,
    2.
    (Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.
    a.
    In gen.:

    iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,

    Gell. 19, 1, 20.—
    b.
    Esp.
    (α).
    In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:

    sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,

    Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    rem totam breviter cognoscite,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:

    summatim breviterque describere,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    breviter tangere,

    id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:

    breviter et modice disserere,

    Sall. J. 111, 1:

    adicere aliquid,

    Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:

    omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),

    Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—
    (β).
    Of syllables:

    quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > brevia

  • 6 brevis

    brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).
    I.
    Lit., in space.
    A.
    In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    brevior via,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:

    via brevis,

    Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:

    cursus brevissimus,

    Verg. A. 3, 507:

    brevius iter,

    Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:

    cursu brevissimus Almo,

    id. M. 14, 329:

    quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?

    so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.

    also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,

    id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:

    non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,

    Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:

    brevissima terra,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:

    in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,

    a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:

    brevibus Gyaris,

    Juv. 1, 73:

    scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),

    that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:

    quo brevius valent,

    the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—
    2.
    Trop. of the journey of life:

    quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?

    Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:

    vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,

    Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:

    fila vitae breviora,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —
    B.
    In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);

    of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

    ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

    Quint. 2, 3, 8:

    forma,

    Ov. M. 5, 457:

    (puella) longa brevisque,

    id. Am. 2, 4, 36:

    brevis corpore,

    Suet. Galb. 3;

    id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,

    Ov. M. 9, 789.—

    Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

    lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    brevior ilex,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:

    mus,

    little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —
    C.
    In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):

    puteus,

    Juv. 3, 226:

    vada,

    Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:

    tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,

    Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:

    brevia litorum,

    id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:

    breve,

    Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—
    2.
    Trop.:

    brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,

    difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—
    D.
    Of the line of a circle:

    ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,

    makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.

    of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,

    Plin. 2. 15, 13, §

    63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,

    Sen. Hippol. 314. —
    II.
    Transf., of time.
    A.
    Lit. (the usu. signif. of the word), short, brief, small, little.
    1.
    In gen.:

    quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:

    breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

    brevis hora,

    Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

    occasio,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:

    brevis hic est fructus homulleis,

    short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:

    MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,

    Inscr. Orell. 558:

    omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,

    Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:

    quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

    Sall. C. 1, 3; so,

    vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:

    aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,

    occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:

    brevissimum tempus,

    id. 5, 6, 7:

    detrimentum,

    Quint. 11, 1, 10:

    arbitrium mortis,

    Tac. A. 15, 60:

    breves populi Romani amores,

    id. ib. 2, 41:

    tempus,

    Suet. Ner. 20 al.:

    nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,

    Cat. 5, 5:

    fructus,

    Lucr. 3, 914:

    aevum,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

    anni,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:

    ver,

    Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:

    flores rosae,

    quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:

    lilium,

    id. ib. 1, 36, 16:

    cena,

    frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

    mensa,

    id. A. P. 198:

    dominus,

    living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:

    stultitia,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 27:

    ira furor brevis est,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

    actio brevis atque concisa,

    Quint. 6, 4, 2:

    somnus,

    Sen. Troad. 441:

    nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,

    nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:

    domus,

    Sen. Hippol. 762:

    fortuna,

    Sil. 4, 734.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:

    brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,

    Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—
    b.
    In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):

    inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,

    Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:

    in multo breviore temporis spatio,

    id. Aug. 22:

    multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,

    Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:

    spatio brevi,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

    res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:

    sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,

    soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;

    acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,

    Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:

    brevi deinde,

    id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:

    fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,

    Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:

    mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,

    Liv. 1, 9, 9:

    brevi omnia subegit,

    Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—
    c.
    Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:

    illa brevi spatio silet,

    id. ib. 7, 307; so,

    * breve,

    Cat. 61, 187.—
    d.
    Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:

    ad breve quoddam tempus,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—
    B.
    Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.
    1.
    Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):

    narratio,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;

    comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,

    id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:

    nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,

    id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:

    quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!

    id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:

    Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):

    breviores commentarii,

    Quint. 3, 8, 58:

    annotatio,

    id. 10, 7, 31:

    brevia illa atque concisa,

    id. 10, 7, 10; so,

    sententiae,

    id. 10, 1, 60:

    causae,

    id. 6, 1, 8:

    docendi compendia,

    id. 1, 1, 24:

    comprehensiones,

    id. 12, 2, 19:

    quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,

    id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:

    multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:

    brevior in scribendo,

    id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

    brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

    Hor. A. P. 25:

    in eloquendo brevis,

    Quint. 10, 1, 63:

    densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,

    id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):

    brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,

    Charis. p. 176 P.:

    id percurram brevi,

    Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

    aliquid explicare,

    id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:

    circumscribere et definire,

    id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

    complecti,

    id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

    exponere,

    id. ib. 1, 46, 203:

    reprehendere,

    id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

    reddere,

    id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    respondere,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    perscribere,

    id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:

    in brevi,

    Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:

    quid scribam? breve faciam,

    Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:

    longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,

    id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:

    in breve coactae causae,

    Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:

    in breve coactio causae,

    Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:

    brevis nominum,

    Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—
    2.
    Of a short syllable;

    rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,

    Hor. A. P. 251:

    a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):

    dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,

    Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:

    in fine pro longā accipi brevem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:

    plurimum habent celeritatis breves,

    id. 9, 4, 91.—

    Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—
    C.
    For parvus, exiguus, little, small:

    exigua pars brevisque,

    Lucr. 5, 591:

    Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

    Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,

    Ov. H. 2, 119:

    brevi latere ac pede longo est,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.

    just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,

    Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:

    parvae alvi): mus,

    Ov. F. 2, 574:

    forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),

    id. M. 5, 457.—

    So, lapathi herba,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):

    folia breviora,

    id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):

    census,

    id. C. 2, 15, 13:

    pondus,

    id. S. 2, 2, 37:

    impensa,

    Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:

    sigillum,

    id. M. 6, 86:

    insulae,

    Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:

    offulae,

    id. 1, 29, 4:

    pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,

    Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:

    breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,

    Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.
    1.
    Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:

    parvo brevius quam totus,

    a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

    Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,

    Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,
    2.
    (Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.
    a.
    In gen.:

    iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,

    Gell. 19, 1, 20.—
    b.
    Esp.
    (α).
    In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:

    sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,

    Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    rem totam breviter cognoscite,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:

    summatim breviterque describere,

    id. Or. 15, 50:

    breviter tangere,

    id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:

    breviter et modice disserere,

    Sall. J. 111, 1:

    adicere aliquid,

    Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:

    omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),

    Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—
    (β).
    Of syllables:

    quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,

    Cic. Or. 48, 159.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > brevis

  • 7 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 8 ad

       ad praep. with acc.    [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex).    I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.—    II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. —    III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. —    IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.—    V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.
    * * *
    I II
    to, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM

    Latin-English dictionary > ad

  • 9 momentum

    mōmentum, i, n. [for movimentum, from moveo], a movement, motion (as an indwelling force; cf.: motio, motus; class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    astra forma ipsa figuraque sua momenta sustentant,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 117:

    pisces levi caudae in utrumque momento velocitatem suam flectunt,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 24:

    utque leves tactus momentaque parva sequantur,

    Ov. M. 4, 180.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    An alteration, change, disturbance, movement, revolution:

    cetera populi Romani vectigalia, perlevi saepe momento fortunae, inclinatione temporis pendere,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 29, 80:

    nullum momentum annonae facere,

    to effect no alteration in the price of corn, Liv. 4, 12:

    animi,

    id. 39, 5:

    provincias magnis momentis concusserat,

    Vell. 2, 78, 1:

    sine momento rerum, partisque ruinā cadere,

    Luc. 7, 118.—
    B.
    A particle sufficient to turn the scales:

    momentum staterae,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 15; id. Sap. 11, 23; hence, a particle, a part, a point:

    myrrhae momentum,

    Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 87:

    quibus (regnis) pro ignobili momento erat accessura Macedonia,

    a make-weight, Just. 7, 3, 1:

    sol cotidie ex alio caeli momento, quam pridie, oritur,

    a point, part, Plin. 18, 34, 77, § 333:

    corpus orationis in parva momenta diducendo consumere,

    Quint. 3, 11, 23; to lose the main subject in minute divisions:

    ordo rerum tribus momentis consertus est,

    id. 5, 10, 71:

    officiorum,

    parts, Cic. Mur. 2, 3. —
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Of time, a short time, brief space, moment (syn. punctum):

    parvis momentis multa natura affingit,

    instants, moments, Cic. Div. 1, 52, 118:

    momentis certis dimensis,

    at certain fixed times, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 3:

    non cunctandum ratus Hannibal, totis viribus adgressus urbem momento cepit,

    Liv. 21, 14, 3:

    momento temporis,

    in a moment, id. 21, 33; 35, 11, 13:

    momento horae,

    in quick lapse of time, Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; cf.:

    momento unius horae,

    Curt. 9, 6, 21:

    horae momento,

    Liv. 5, 7, 3; 9, 16:

    Maecenati triennio supremo nullo horae momento contigit somnus,

    could not sleep a single hour, Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 172:

    brevi horarum momento,

    in a few hours, Just. 2, 14, 9:

    ut momentum horae pereat,

    that a short hour be lost, Phaedr. 3 prol. 5:

    momento fit cinis diu silva,

    in a moment, Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 3:

    in momento, in ictu oculi,

    Vulg. 1 Cor. 15, 52:

    in momento indignationis,

    id. Isa. 54, 8:

    pruna stomacho non utilissima, sed brevi momento,

    are hurtful, but only for a short time, Plin. 23, 7, 66, § 132:

    quantum quoquo momento temporis adiciatur,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 70:

    hoc fit dicis gratia uno momento,

    id. ib. 1, 141.—
    (β).
    Transf., of space, distance, a little way:

    parvo momento antecedere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

    visūs nostri tarditas non subsequitur momenta currentis (sc. stellae), sed videt simul et unde exsilierit et quo pervenerit,

    does not trace the successive points of its course, but sees the whole at once, Sen. Q. N. 1, 14, 4.—
    2.
    Trop., a cause, a circumstance; weight, influence, importance, moment:

    minimis momentis maximae inclinationes temporum fiunt,

    from the slightest causes spring the greatest changes, Cic. Phil. 5, 10, 26:

    momenta omnia observare,

    all the circumstances, id. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

    unamquamque rem momento suo ponderare,

    according to its importance, id. Font. 6, 21; cf.:

    ut omnia verborum momentis, non rerum ponderibus examinet,

    id. Rep. 3, 8, 12:

    ita parvae res magnum in utramque partem momentum habuerunt,

    influence, Caes. B. C. 3, 70:

    quorum adventus hoc tamen momenti fecit, ut Scipio abscederet inde, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 35:

    nullum momentum in dando adimendoque regno habere,

    no decisive influence, id. 1, 47, 6:

    momenti aliquid apud Magnetas ad repetendam societatem Romanam facere,

    id. 35, 39, 3:

    cave quidquam habeat momenti gratia,

    weight, influence, Cic. Mur. 30, 62:

    magno ad persuadendum momento esse,

    id. Inv. 2, 26, 77:

    potentia,

    motives, Ov. M. 11, 285:

    Leonis (sideris),

    influence, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 16:

    praebe nostrae momenta saluti,

    promote, Ov. P. 4, 13, 49:

    erant octo cohortes... tum discordiā temporum a legione digressae, prout inclinassent, grande momentum sociae aut adversae,

    Tac. H. 1, 59:

    levi momento aestimare aliquid,

    to consider of little moment, to prize lightly, Caes. B. G. 7, 39:

    nullius momenti aliquid putare,

    of no moment, unimportant, Cic. Vatin. 1, 1: nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum, Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    quod (oppidum) per se parvum magni momenti locum obtinuit,

    Tac. H. 3, 8:

    id est maximi momenti et ponderis,

    of the greatest moment, Cic. Vatin. 4, 19:

    exponunt, se tentāsse etiam haud magni momenti finitimarum gentium auxilia,

    Liv. 10, 16, 5:

    sed in bello nihil tam leve est, quod non magnae interdum rei momentum faciat,

    id. 25, 18, 3; 28, 17, 10; 27, 45, 5:

    inpensam in rem maximi ad omnia momenti facere,

    id. 43, 23, 8:

    nullā in re nisi in virtute propensionem ne minimi quidem momenti esse ad, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 17, 47:

    omnino nihil habere momenti,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 38.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > momentum

  • 10 in

    1.
    in (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in ante-class. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. with abl. and acc. [kindr. with Sanscr. an; Greek en, en-tha, en-then, eis, i. e. en-s, ana; Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes either rest or motion within or into a place or thing; opp. to ex; in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.
    I.
    With abl.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which):

    aliorum fructus in terra est, aliorum et extra,

    Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61:

    alii in corde, alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

    eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus,

    id. Brut. 43, 161:

    qui sunt cives in eadem re publica,

    id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.:

    facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in qua idem conducat omnibus,

    id. ib.:

    T. Labienus ex loco superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

    quod si in scaena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

    Cic. Lael. 26, 97:

    in foro palam Syracusis,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81:

    plures in eo loco sine vulnere quam in proelio aut fuga intereunt,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 35:

    tulit de caede, quae in Appia via facta esset,

    Cic. Mil. 6, 15:

    in via fornicata,

    Liv. 22, 36:

    vigebat in illa domo mos patrius et disciplina,

    Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

    in domo furtum factum ab eo qui domi fuit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 16:

    nupta in domo,

    Liv. 6, 34, 9:

    copias in castris continent,

    in, within, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

    cum in angusto quodam pulpito stans diceret,

    Quint. 11, 3, 130:

    se ac suos in vehiculo conspici,

    Liv. 5, 40, 10:

    malo in illa tua sedecula sedere, quam in istorum sella curuli,

    Cic. Att. 4, 10:

    sedere in solio,

    id. Fin. 2, 21, 66:

    Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 6. —

    Sometimes, also, with names of places: omnes se ultro sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182:

    heri aliquot adolescentuli coiimus in Piraeo,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1:

    navis et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii,

    Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6:

    complures (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

    caesos in Marathone ac Salamine,

    Quint. 12, 10, 24:

    in Berenice urbe Troglodytarum,

    Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.—
    2.
    In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.):

    in his poeta hic nomen profitetur suum,

    Ter. Eun. prol. 3:

    Thales, qui sapientissimus in septem fuit,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

    peto ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas,

    id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.:

    in perditis et desperatis,

    id. ib. 13, 56, 1:

    omnia quae secundum naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis,

    id. de Sen. 19, 71:

    dolor in maximis malis ducitur,

    id. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

    justissimus unus in Teucris,

    Verg. A. 2, 426:

    cecidere in pugna ad duo milia... in his quatuor Romani centuriones,

    Liv. 27, 12, 16:

    in diis et feminae sunt,

    Lact. 1, 16, 17.—
    3.
    Of analogous relations of place or position:

    sedere in equo,

    on horseback, id. Verr. 2, 5, 10:

    quid legati in equis,

    id. Pis. 25, 60:

    sedere in leone,

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109:

    in eo flumine pons erat,

    on, over, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    in herboso Apidano,

    on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6:

    in digitis,

    on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267:

    castra in limite locat,

    on the rampart, Tac. A. 1, 50:

    ipse coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo,

    on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

    oleae in arbore,

    Cels. 2, 24:

    Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius,

    among, Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

    in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat,

    Liv. 25, 16, 7:

    in juvenibus,

    Quint. 11, 1, 32:

    nutus in mutis pro sermone est,

    id. 11, 3, 66.—Of dress, like cum, q. v.:

    in veste candida,

    Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3:

    in calceis,

    id. 24, 38, 2:

    in insignibus,

    id. 5, 41, 2:

    in tunicis albis,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13:

    in Persico et vulgari habitu,

    Curt. 3, 3, 4:

    in lugubri veste,

    id. 10, 5, 17:

    in Tyriis,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 297:

    in Cois,

    id. ib. v. 298; cf.:

    homines in catenis Romam mittere,

    Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in viola aut in rosa, Cic. Tusc. [p. 912] 5, 26, 73.—So of arms:

    duas legiones in armis,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395:

    in armis hostis,

    under arms, Ov. M. 12,65:

    quae in ore atque in oculis provinciae gesta sunt (= coram),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so,

    in oculis provinciae,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2:

    in oculis omnium,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

    divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt,

    Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6:

    Julianus in ore ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur,

    Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.—Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561):

    in populorum institutis aut legibus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

    in illis libris qui sunt de natura deorum,

    id. Fat. 1, 1:

    in Timaeo dicit,

    id. N. D. 1, 12, 30:

    epistula, in qua omnia perscripta erant,

    Nep. Pelop. 3, 2:

    perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 49; but in is also used with an author's name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to:

    in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero,

    Cic. Or. 71, 234:

    in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

    Quint. 9, 4, 18.—Of books:

    libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt,

    Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach:

    philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus,

    id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18:

    quam spem nunc habeat in manibus, exponam,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

    rem habere in manibus,

    id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    neque mihi in manu fuit Jugurtha qualis foret,

    in my power, Sall. J. 14, 4:

    postquam nihil esse in manu sua respondebatur,

    Liv. 32, 24, 2:

    quod ipsorum in manu sit,... bellum an pacem malint,

    Tac. A. 2, 46; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied (cf.:

    inter manus),

    Liv. 4, 57, 1; so,

    quorum epistulas in manu teneo,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2:

    in manu poculum tenens,

    id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

    coronati et lauream in manu tenentes,

    Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc.:

    in animo esse,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 11:

    in animo habere,

    id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

    lex est ratio insita in natura,

    id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

    in memoria sedere,

    id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.:

    tacito mutos volvunt in pectore questus,

    Luc. 1, 247:

    quanta auctoritas fuit in C. Metello!

    Cic. de Sen. 17, 61. —So freq. of a person's qualities of mind or character:

    erat in eo summa eloquentia, summa fides,

    Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.:

    in omni animante est summum aliquid atque optimum, ut in equis,

    id. Fin. 4, 41, 37:

    si quid artis in medicis est,

    Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.:

    nibil esse in morte timendum,

    Lucr. 3, 866.— Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition:

    in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so,

    quo in loco, etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum fuga, quo in loco res essent, cognovissent,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

    videtis, quo in loco res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit,

    Liv. 37, 14, 5.—Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.:

    non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant,

    Liv. 30, 19, 3:

    cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret,

    id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. infra).—
    B.
    In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of:

    feci ego istaec itidem in adulescentia,

    in my youth, when I was young, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6:

    in tempore hoc,

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 24:

    in hoc tempore,

    Tac. A. 13, 47:

    in tali tempore,

    Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.:

    in diebus paucis,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

    in brevi spatio,

    id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4:

    in qua aetate,

    Cic. Brut. 43 fin.:

    in ea aetate,

    Liv. 1, 57:

    in omni aetate,

    Cic. de Sen. 3, 9:

    in aetate, qua jam Alexander orbem terrarum subegisset,

    Suet. Caes. 7:

    qua (sc. Iphigenia) nihil erat in eo quidem anno natum pulchrius,

    in the course of, during the year, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo quidem anno):

    nihil in vita se simile fecisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius. id. Clu. 6, 18:

    in tota vita inconstans,

    id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—
    b.
    In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; v. tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24:

    ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

    Liv. 33, 5:

    spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit,

    id. 2, 47:

    rebellaturi,

    Tac. A. 12, 50:

    atque adeo in ipso tempore eccum ipsum obviam,

    Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.—
    c.
    In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances:

    sic enim mihi in praesentia occurrit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14:

    vestrae quidem cenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die jucundae sunt,

    id. ib. 5, 35, 100:

    id quod unum maxime in praesentia desiderabatur,

    Liv. 21, 37:

    haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.,

    for the present, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.—
    d.
    With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in:

    fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

    vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare,

    id. Fin. 2, 9, 26:

    quod in litteris dandis praeter consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat,

    id. Cat. 3, 3, 6:

    ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus,

    in laying waste, id. ib. 5, 19:

    in excidenda Numantia,

    Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76:

    cum in immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset,

    id. Or. 21, 74.—
    C.
    In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in:

    qui magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

    se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare,

    id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

    Larinum in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit,

    id. Clu. 8, 25.—

    So freq., of qualities or states of mind: summa in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

    torpescentne dextrae in amentia illa?

    Liv. 23, 9, 7:

    hunc diem perpetuum in laetitia degere,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2:

    in metu,

    Tac. A. 14, 43:

    in voluptate,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

    alicui in amore esse,

    beloved, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

    alicui in amoribus esse,

    id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

    res in invidia erat,

    Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10:

    num... Diogenem Stoicum coegit in suis studiis obmutescere senectus?

    in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

    mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua diligentia: quod in summis tuis occupationibus mihi tamen rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti,

    even in, notwithstanding your great occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.—

    So freq., of business, employment, occupations, etc.: in aliqua re versari,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

    similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat,

    Curt. 5, 5, 23:

    in certamine armorum atque in omni palaestra quid satis recte cavetur,

    Quint. 9, 4, 8:

    agi in judiciis,

    id. 11, 1, 78:

    tum vos mihi essetis in consilio,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

    in actione... dicere,

    Quint. 8, 2, 2.—Of an office, magistracy:

    in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat,

    Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1:

    in eo magistratu pari diligentia se praebuit,

    Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. supra):

    in ea ipsa causa fuit eloquentissimus,

    Cic. Brut, 43, 160:

    qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in vitio, quam, etc.,

    is in the wrong, acts wrongly, id. Off. 1, 7, 23:

    etsi hoc quidem est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,

    is wrong, id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

    non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis,

    id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.:

    an omnino nulla sit in eo genere distinctio,

    id. Or. 61, 205:

    Drusus erat de praevaricatione absolutus in summa quatuor sententiis,

    on the whole, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.:

    et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 5;

    but, in summa, sic maxime judex credit, etc.,

    in a word, in fine, Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8:

    horum (juvenum) inductio in parte simulacrum decurrentis exercitus erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii quam militaris artis,

    in part, Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.:

    quod mihi in parte verum videtur,

    Quint. 2, 8, 6:

    patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior interrogatio est,

    id. 5, 7, 22:

    hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt,

    in the case of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

    in furibus aerarii,

    Sall. C. 52, 12:

    Achilles talis in hoste fuit,

    Verg. A. 2, 540:

    in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc.,

    in the case of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15:

    suspectus et in morte matris fuit,

    Suet. Vit. 14:

    qui praesentes metuunt, in absentia hostes erunt, = absentes,

    Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. supra).—Of the meaning of words, etc.:

    non solum in eodem sensu, sed etiam in diverso, eadem verba contra,

    Quint. 9, 3, 36:

    aliter voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur,

    id. 9, 3, 69:

    Sallustius in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit,

    Gell. 1, 22, 15:

    stips non dicitur in significatione trunci,

    Charis. 1, 18, 39:

    semper in significatione ea hortus,

    Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50. —
    2.
    In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality:

    cum exitus haud in facili essent, i. e. haud faciles,

    Liv. 3, 8, 9:

    adeo moderatio tuendae libertatis in difficili est,

    id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension:

    in obscuro esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse,

    id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174:

    dum in dubiost animus,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10:

    in integro esse,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4:

    in incerto esse,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5:

    in obvio esse,

    id. 37, 23, 1:

    in tuto esse,

    id. 38, 4, 10; cf.:

    videre te in tuto,

    Cat. 30, 6:

    in aequo esse,

    Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44:

    in expedito esse,

    Curt. 4, 2, 22:

    in proximo esse,

    Quint. 1, 3, 4:

    in aperto esse,

    Sall. C. 5, 3:

    in promisco esse,

    Liv. 7, 17, 7:

    in augusto esse,

    Cels. 5, 27, 2:

    in incerto haberi,

    Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17:

    in levi habitum,

    id. H. 2, 21; cf.:

    in incerto relinquere,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.
    II.
    With acc.
    A.
    In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing (rarely with names of towns and small islands;

    v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

    in Ephesum advenit,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35:

    in Epirum venire,

    Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

    ibo in Piraeeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: venio ad Piraeea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod... Piraeea scripserim, non Piraeeum, quam in quod addiderim;

    non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

    Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

    se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam,

    id. Rep. 2, 19:

    remigrare in domum veterem e nova,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

    cum in sua rura venerunt,

    id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

    a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

    id. Fam. 15, 9:

    in Ubios legatos mittere,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

    dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum et opulentum,

    Sall. J. 75, 1:

    Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat,

    Liv. 3, 58, 1:

    abire in exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 102.— With nuntio:

    cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est,

    Tac. A. 4, 56:

    nuntiatur in castra,

    Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.:

    allatis in castra nuntiis,

    Tac. H. 4, 32: in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one's hands:

    iste unumquodque vas in manus sumere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

    Falerios se in manus Romanis tradidisse,

    Liv. 5, 27, 3.—Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into... and place there):

    in crimen populo ponere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10:

    ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

    duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi,

    Liv. 29, 19, 7:

    prius me collocavi in arborem,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6:

    sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocasse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to:

    in caelum ascendere,

    Cic. Lael. 23 fin.:

    filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset,

    id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

    tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

    up to the altar, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25:

    Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso,

    Ov. M. 1, 113:

    in flumen deicere,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.—
    2.
    Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards:

    quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

    si in latus aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat,

    Cels. 2, 3:

    Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

    in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem etiam inspicitur,

    Tac. Agr. 10:

    in laevum prona nixus sedet Inachus urna,

    Stat. Th. 2, 218.—With versus:

    castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus,

    towards, Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.:

    in Galliam versus movere,

    Sall. C. 56, 4: in [p. 913] ltaliam versus, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11:

    si in urbem versus venturi erant,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 82. —
    3.
    So of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.):

    in memoriam reducere,

    Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98:

    in animum inducere,

    Liv. 27, 9:

    in mentem venire,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

    frequens imitatio transit in mores,

    Quint. 1, 11, 3. —

    Or into a writing or speech: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam,

    Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.—
    B.
    In time, into, till, for:

    dormiet in lucem,

    into the daylight, till broad day, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34:

    statim e somno, quem plerumque in diem extrahunt, lavantur,

    Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.:

    in multam noctem luxit,

    Suet. Tib. 74:

    si febris in noctem augetur,

    Cels. 7, 27:

    dixit in noctem atque etiam nocte illatis lucernis,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14:

    indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt,

    for thirty years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8:

    nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

    forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1:

    ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem,

    for the following day, id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

    audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium,

    id. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

    subito reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit,

    id. Mil. 9, 24:

    solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

    for many years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

    postero die Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie,

    Liv. 27, 2:

    qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum,

    Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:

    seritur (semen lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae,

    Col. 2, 10, 17.—With usque:

    neque illi didicerunt haec usque in senectutem,

    Quint. 12, 11, 20:

    in illum usque diem servati,

    id. 8, 3, 68:

    in serum usque patente cubiculo,

    Suet. Oth. 11:

    regnum trahat usque in tempora fati,

    Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever:

    sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

    res dilata est in posterum,

    id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

    video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

    id. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

    id aegre et in praesentia hi passi et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

    Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.:

    ingenti omnium et in praesens laetitia et in futurum spe,

    id. 30, 17, 1:

    effugis in futurum,

    Tac. H. 1, 71:

    quod eum tibi quaestoris in loco constitueras, idcirco tibi amicum in perpetuum fore putasti?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.:

    oppidum omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

    quae (leges) non in tempus aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis causa in aeternum latae sunt,

    Liv. 34, 6, 4: in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.):

    sensit miles in tempus conficta,

    Tac. A. 1, 37:

    ne urbs sine imperio esset, in tempus deligebatur, qui jus redderet,

    id. ib. 6, 11:

    scaena in tempus structa,

    id. ib. 14, 20. —So in diem, for the day, to meet the day's want:

    nihil ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat,

    Liv. 22, 40, 8:

    rapto in diem frumento,

    id. 4, 10, 1;

    but, cum illa fundum emisset in diem,

    i. e. a fixed day of payment, Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily:

    vitium in dies crescit,

    Vell. 2, 5, 2:

    in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto,

    Cic. Att. 5, 7:

    qui senescat in dies,

    Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, daily:

    nos in diem vivimus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

    in diem et horam,

    Hor. S. 2, 6, 47;

    and in horas,

    hourly, id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.—
    C.
    In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into:

    id, quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum,

    about the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28:

    Callimachi epigramma in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.:

    cum cenaret Simonides apud Scopam cecinissetque id car men, quod in eum scripsisset, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

    quo amore tandem inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam,

    towards, id. ib. 1, 44, 196:

    in liberos nostros indulgentia,

    id. ib. 2, 40, 168:

    de suis meritis in rem publicam aggressus est dicere,

    id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against, id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.:

    in dominum quaeri,

    to be examined as a witness against, id. Mil. 22, 60:

    in eos impetum facere,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

    invehi in Thebanos,

    Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3:

    quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

    id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

    num etiam in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse?

    Liv. 7, 6, 11:

    vereor coram in os te laudare amplius,

    to your face, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5:

    si in me exerciturus (pugnos), quaeso, in parietem ut primum domes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168:

    in puppim rediere rates,

    Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.:

    sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat enim in funus: cui funeri ego quoque operam dedi,

    to the funeral, to take charge of the funeral, Cic. Att. 15, 1, B:

    se quisque eum optabat, quem fortuna in id certamen legeret,

    Liv. 21, 42, 2:

    quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora fore,

    Tac. A. 11, 6:

    haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33:

    Rhegium quondam in praesidium missa legio,

    Liv. 28, 28; so,

    datae in praesidium cohortes,

    Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

    haec et in eam sententiam cum multa dixisset,

    id. Att. 2, 22:

    qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur,

    id. Fin. 3, 4, 12:

    in utramque partem disputat,

    on both sides, for and against, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.:

    facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 46:

    cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati,

    in the manner of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

    miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt,

    id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

    senior quidam Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit,

    Liv. 5, 15, 4;

    also: domus et villae in urbium modum aedificatae,

    Sall. C. 12, 3:

    perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

    judicium quin acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae Naevius edebat, non recusasse,

    id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.:

    senatusconsultum in haec verba factum,

    Liv. 30, 43, 9:

    pax data Philippo in has leges est,

    id. 33, 30:

    Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.:

    quae quidem in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur,

    Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26:

    itaque Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse,

    id. Font. 5, 9:

    extulit eum plebs sextantibus collatis in capita,

    a head, for each person, Liv. 2, 33 fin.:

    Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium,

    id. 32, 17, 2; cf.:

    Thracia in Rhoemetalcen filium... inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. inter),

    Tac. A. 2, 67.—
    2.
    Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect:

    non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16:

    neglegentior in patrem,

    Just. 32, 3, 1:

    in quem omnes intenderat curas,

    Curt. 3, 1, 21:

    quos ardere in proelia vidi,

    Verg. A. 2, 347:

    in bellum ardentes,

    Manil. 4, 220:

    nutante in fugam exercitu,

    Flor. 3, 10, 4:

    in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam vobis paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.),

    Liv. 21, 43, 7:

    certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent,

    id. 21, 45, 4:

    in id sors dejecta,

    id. 21, 42, 2:

    in id fide accepta,

    id. 28, 17, 9:

    in spem pacis solutis animis,

    id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.:

    ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc.,

    Hor. Epod. 17, 63:

    nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 16, 3:

    alius non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in quod tum missi?

    Just. 38, 3, 4.—So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind:

    in obsequium plus aequo pronus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10:

    paratus in res novas,

    Tac. H. 4, 32:

    in utrumque paratus,

    Verg. A. 2, 61.—
    3.
    Of the result of an act or effort:

    denique in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit,

    Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

    paratusque miles, ut ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret,

    Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, Verg. A. 6, 42:

    portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum,

    id. ib. 3, 533:

    populum in obsequia principum formavit,

    Just. 3, 2, 9:

    omnium partium decus in mercedem conruptum erat,

    Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch:

    commutari ex veris in falsa,

    Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18:

    in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est,

    Curt. 3, 8, 20.—
    4.
    Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one (first in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4;

    Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere,

    Liv. 39, 26, 12:

    pugnaturi in gratiam ducis,

    id. 28, 21, 4:

    quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16:

    oratio habita in sexus honorem,

    Quint. 1, 1, 6:

    convivium in honorem victoriae,

    id. 11, 2, 12:

    in honorem Quadratillae,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7:

    in honorem tuum,

    Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.—
    5.
    In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail (cf.: e re esse;

    opp.: contra rem esse): ut aequom est, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

    si in rem est Bacchidis,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7:

    hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt,

    Liv. 26, 44, 7:

    cetera, quae cognosse in rem erat,

    id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3:

    in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

    Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.:

    in duas res magnas id usui fore,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7:

    in hos usus,

    Verg. A. 4, 647.—
    6.
    To form adverbial expressions:

    non nominatim, qui Capuae, sed in universum qui usquam coissent, etc.,

    in general, Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.:

    terra etsi aliquanto specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

    Tac. G. 5:

    in universum aestimanti, etc.,

    id. ib. 6:

    aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere),

    wholly, entirely, Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2:

    in plenum dici potest, etc.,

    fully, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217:

    Marii virtutem in majus celebrare,

    beyond due bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5:

    aliter se corpus habere atque consuevit, neque in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius,

    for the worse, for the better, Cels. 2, 2:

    in deterius,

    Tac. A. 14, 43:

    in mollius,

    id. ib. 14, 39:

    quid enim est iracundia in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: civitas saepta muris neque in barbarum corrupta (v. barbarus),

    Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.:

    aucto in barbarum cognomento,

    id. H. 5, 2:

    priusquam id sors cerneret, in incertum, ne quid gratia momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni,

    while the matter was uncertain, Liv. 43, 12, 2:

    nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos In tantum spe tollet avos,

    so much, Verg. A. 6, 876:

    in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

    Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.:

    quaedam (aquae) fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 24:

    viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest,

    Vell. 2, 43, 4:

    quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit,

    Ov. M. 11, 71:

    meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus,

    in all respects, Vell. 2, 13:

    ut simul in omnia paremur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 25:

    in antecessum dare,

    beforehand, Sen. Ep. 118.—
    7.
    Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one ' s power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one ' s mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.:

    quod, qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38:

    ut portus in potestatem Locrensium esset,

    Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4:

    eam optimam rem publicam esse duco, quae sit in potestatem optimorum,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

    neque enim sunt motus in nostram potestatem,

    Quint. 6, 2, 29:

    numero mihi in mentem fuit,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

    ecquid in mentem est tibi?

    id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53:

    nec prius surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, quam, etc.,

    Suet. Aug. 16:

    quod satis in usum fuit, sublato, ceterum omne incensum est,

    Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum [p. 914] jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108:

    M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodiam habitum,

    put in prison, kept in prison, Liv. 22, 25, 6:

    reliquos in custodiam habitos,

    Tac. H. 1, 87.—So rarely with other verbs:

    pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestatem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8. —
    III.
    In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello.—As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.
    2.
    in (before b and p, im; before l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these consonants), an inseparable particle [kindred with Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. a-, an; Goth. and Germ. un-], which negatives the meaning of the noun or participle with which it is connected; Engl. un-, in-, not: impar, unequal: intolerabilis, unbearable, intolerable: immitis, not mild, rude, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > in

  • 11 praesum

    (α).
    With dat.:

    omnibus Druidibus praeest unus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 12:

    qui oppido praeerat,

    id. ib. 2, 6:

    regionibus,

    id. ib. 5, 22:

    provinciae,

    Sall. C. 42, 3:

    censor factus, severe praefuit ei potestati,

    Nep. Cat. 2, 3:

    classi,

    to have the command of the fleet, Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

    exercitui,

    id. ib. 3, 57:

    alicui negotio,

    to have charge of it, to carry it on, id. ib. 3, 61:

    ei studio,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235:

    artificio,

    id. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

    vigiliis,

    to superintend, Sall. C. 30, 6:

    regiis opibus,

    Nep. Con. 4, 3:

    rebus regiis,

    id. Phoc. 3, 4:

    statuis faciendis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

    aedibus, i. e. aedilem esse,

    Dig. 1, 2, 2: mercimoniis, Cod. 5, 5, 7.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    praeesse in provinciā,

    to be governor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 180.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To be the chief person, to take the lead in any thing:

    non enim paruit ille Ti. Gracchi temeritati, sed praefuit,

    Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

    qui non solum interfuit his rebus, sed etiam praefuit,

    id. Fam. 1, 8, 1:

    illi crudelitati non solum praeesse, verum etiam interesse,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 7.—
    B.
    To protect, defend ( poet.):

    stant quoque pro nobis, et praesunt moenibus Urbis,

    Ov. F. 5, 135.—Hence, praesens, entis ( abl. sing. of persons usually praesente; of things, praesenti), adj.
    A.
    That is before one, in sight or at hand, present, in person (rarely of the immediate presence of the speaker or writer, for which the proper case of hic is used; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 908, and v. infra):

    assum praesens praesenti tibi,

    I am with you, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 27: non quia ades praesens, dico hoc, because you happen to be present, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 39:

    quo praesente,

    in whose presence, Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

    quod adest quodque praesens est,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11; so,

    nihil nisi praesens et quod adest,

    id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

    vivi atque praesentes,

    id. Off. 1, 44, 156:

    praesens tecum egi,

    myself, in person, id. Fam. 2, 7, 4:

    perinde ac si ipse interfuerit, et praesens viderit,

    id. Inv. 1, 54, 104:

    praesens sermo,

    communication by word of mouth, id. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 1:

    praesens in praesentem multa dixerat,

    id. Att. 11, 12, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 34: praesente for praesentibus (ante-class.): praesente amicis, Pompon. ap. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; so, testibus, id. ap. Non. 154, 17:

    his,

    Att. ib. 154, 19:

    suis,

    Fenest. ib. 154, 20:

    omnibus,

    Nov. ib. 154, 23: legatis, Varr. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: nobis, Ter. ib.—
    2.
    Esp., of time:

    narratio praeteritarum rerum aut praesentium,

    Cic. Part. Or. 4, 13:

    non solum inopia praesentis, sed etiam futuri temporis,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 52 init.:

    praesens tempus futuri metu perdere,

    Sen. Ep. 24, 1:

    tempus enim tribus partibus constat, praeterito, praesente, futuro,

    id. ib. 124, 17.—Esp. in opp. to other times referred to:

    quanta tempestas invidiae nobis si minus in praesens tempus... at in posteritatem impendeat,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

    et reliqui temporis recuperandi ratio, et praesentis tuendi,

    id. Att. 8, 9, 3:

    et consiliorum superiorum conscientiā et praesentis temporis moderatione me consoler,

    id. Fam. 9, 16, 6; id. Fl. 1, 3.—Very rarely alone, of the times of the writer or speaker. as opp. to the times of which he speaks:

    quod pietas principis nostri praesentium quoque temporum decus fecit,

    Quint. 3, 7, 9:

    vive moribus praeteritis, loquere verbis praesentibus,

    now in use, Gell. 1, 10, 4.—Also of a time spoken of, present to the mind, existing:

    movit Scipionem cum fortuna pristina viri, praesenti fortunae conlata,

    Liv. 30, 13, 8:

    populo erat persuasum, et adversas superiores et praesentes secundas res accidisse, etc.,

    Nep. Alcib. 6, 2:

    praetor factus non solum praesenti bello,

    id. Them. 2, 1:

    et praesens aetas et posteritas deinde mirata est,

    Curt. 9, 10, 28:

    praesentem saevitiam melioris olim fortunae recordatione allevabant,

    Tac. A. 14, 63: in praesens tempus, and more freq. absol., in praesens, for the present:

    pleraque differat, et praesens in tempus omittat,

    Hor. A. P. 44; so (opp. in posteritatem) Cic. Cat 1, 9, 22:

    si fortuna in praesens deseruit,

    Tac. H. 4, 58; cf.:

    laetus in praesens animus,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 25: ad praesens tempus, or simply ad praesens, for the present:

    Harpagus ad praesens tempus dissimulato dolore,

    for the moment, Just. 1, 5, 7:

    quod factum aspere acceptum ad praesens, mox, etc.,

    at the time, Tac. A. 4, 31; 40:

    munimentum ad praesens, in posterum ultionem,

    id. H. 1, 44; Suet. Tit. 6:

    vocem adimere ad praesens,

    for a short time, Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 80: praesenti tempore and in praesenti, at present, now:

    praesenti tempore,

    Ov. F. 3, 478:

    haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut speres,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4:

    in praesenti,

    Nep. Att. 12, 5; Liv. 34, 35, 11.—Prov.: praesenti fortuna pejor est futuri metus, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 12, 15.— Subst.: praesentĭa, ĭum, n., present circumstances, the present state of affairs:

    cum hortatur ferenda esse praesentia,

    Suet. Aug. 87:

    praesentia sequi,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    ex praeteritis enim aestimari solent praesentia,

    Quint. 5, 10, 28:

    sed penitus haerens amor fastidio praesentium accensus est,

    Curt. 8, 3, 6.—Esp., in phrase in praesentia (sc. tempora), for the present, at this time, under present circumstances:

    hoc video in praesentia opus esse,

    Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

    providere quid oneris in praesentia tollant,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

    quae in praesentia in mentem mihi venerunt,

    id. Fam. 4, 5, 1; id. Fin. 5, 8, 21; Liv. 31, 22, 8; 33, 27, 10; 33, 28, 6; Tac. Agr. 31; 39; Suet. Tib. 22; id. Claud. 4; Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 14; Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 14.—Very rarely in praesentia, at hand, on hand, on the spot:

    id quod in praesentia vestimentorum fuit, arripuit,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 5; cf.: in re praesenti, infra: in rem praesentem venire, to go to the place itself, go to the very spot, for the sake of a closer examination, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250:

    in rem praesentem venias oportet, quia homines amplius oculis quam auribus credunt,

    Sen. Ep. 6, 5: in rem praesentem perducere audientes, to transport one's hearers to the very spot, Quint. 4, 2, 123: in re praesenti, in the place itself, on the spot:

    in re praesenti, ex copiā piscariā consulere, quid emam, aequom est,

    when I am on the spot, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 65; Liv. 40, 9:

    eodem anno inter populum Carthaginiensem et regem Masinissam in re praesenti disceptatores Romani de agro fuerunt,

    id. 40, 17; Quint. 6, 2, 31:

    praesenti bello,

    while war is raging, Nep. Them. 2, 1; so sup.:

    quod praesentissimis quibusque periculis desit,

    Quint. 10, 7, 1; and comp.:

    jam praesentior res erat,

    Liv. 2, 36, 5.—
    B.
    That happens or is done immediately, immediate, instant, prompt, ready, direct:

    praesens poena sit,

    the punishment might be instant, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122:

    preces,

    immediate, not delayed, Prop. 2, 23, 64 (3, 28, 12):

    mercari praesenti pecuniā,

    with ready money, cash, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 8; Cic. Clu. 12, 34:

    numerare praesentes denarios ducentos,

    Petr. 109:

    nummi,

    id. 137:

    supplicium,

    instant execution, Tac. A. 1, 38:

    Maelium praesenti morte multavit,

    Flor. 1, 26:

    praesens debitum,

    Dig. 12, 1, 9; 20, 1, 13: praesenti die dari, in ready money:

    quoties in obligationibus dies non ponitur, praesenti die pecunia debetur,

    ib. 45, 1, 41:

    libertatem aut praesenti die, aut sub condicione dare,

    ib. 28, 7, 22.—Hence, adv.: prae-sens (opp. in diem), forthwith, immediately:

    si, cum in diem mihi deberetur, fraudator praesens solverit,

    in ready money, in cash, Dig. 42, 9, 10:

    quod vel praesens vel ex die dari potest,

    ib. 7, 1, 4.—
    C.
    That operates immediately or quickly, instant, prompt, efficacious, powerful (i. q. valens):

    praesens auxilium oblatum est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:

    non ulla magis praesens fortuna laborum est,

    no more effective cure for their troubles, Verg. G. 3, 452:

    quo non praesentius ullum, Pocula si quando saevae infecere novercae,

    id. ib. 2, 127:

    si quid praesentius audes,

    more effective, bolder, id. A. 12, 152:

    praesentissimum remedium,

    Col. 6, 14; Plin. 28, 5, 14, § 53.—With objectclause:

    o diva... Praesens vel imo tollere de gradu Mortale corpus, vel, etc.,

    mighty, able, Hor. C. 1, 35, 2.—
    D.
    Of disposition or character, present, collected, resolute:

    animo virili praesentique ut sis, para,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 64:

    si cui virtus animusque in pectore praesens,

    Verg. A. 5, 363:

    animus acer et praesens,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:

    non plures, sed etiam praesentioribus animis,

    Liv. 31, 46:

    praesentissimo animo pugnare, Auct. B. Alex. 40: Crassus, ut praesens ingenio semper respondit,

    Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4.—
    E.
    Present, aiding, favoring, propitious:

    Hercules tantus, et tam praesens habetur deus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6; 3, 5, 11:

    deus,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

    tu dea, tu praesens, nostro succurre labori,

    Verg. A. 9, 404:

    modo diva triformis Adjuvet, et praesens ingentibus adnuat ausis,

    Ov. M. 7, 178.— Comp.:

    nihil illo (praesagio) praesentius,

    Flor. 4, 7, 9.—
    F.
    Appropriate, pertinent, timely:

    praesens hic quidemst apologus,

    Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

    en hercle praesens somnium,

    id. Mil. 2, 4, 41.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praesum

  • 12 parumper

    părumper, adv., with ref. to time, for a little while, for a short time, a while, a moment: parumper significat paulisper, quasi perparvum, i. e. valde parvum;

    refertur autem ad tempus,

    Fest. p. 221 Müll. (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    tace parumper,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 78:

    mane dum parumper,

    id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; cf. Ter. And. 4, 2, 31; Liv. 4, 32:

    haec cum Crassus dixisset, parumper et ipse conticuit et ceteris silentium fuit,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 35, 143:

    discedo parumper a somniis, ad quae mox revertar,

    id. Div. 1, 23, 47:

    abduco parumper animum a molestiis,

    id. Att. 9, 4, 3; id. Lael. 1, 5:

    dent operam parumper,

    id. Rep. 1, 7, 12; Quint. 6, 2, 34; 2, 4, 1:

    pulsusque parumper Corde dolor tristi,

    a while, Verg. A. 6, 382:

    oro parumper Attendas,

    Juv. 10, 250.—Defined by dum:

    dum exeo, parumper opperire hic,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 31; Plaut. Am. 2, 8, 7:

    cunctatus parumper, dum, etc.,

    Liv. 4, 32, 10.—
    II.
    Transf., in a short time, quickly ( poet.): hinc campos celeri passu permensa parumper Coicit in silvam sese, Enn. ap. Non. 378, 20 (Ann. v. 74 Vahl.): cito et velociter, Non. (Ann. v. 74 Vahl.); Enn. ap. Non. l. l.;

    378, 17: divi, hoc audite parumper,

    id. ib. 150, 7 (Ann. v. 214 Vahl.); id. ap. Fest. s. v. solum, p. 301 Müll.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > parumper

  • 13 paulisper

        paulisper (not paull-), adv.    [paulum+per], for a little while, for a short time: paulisper mane, T.: ab rege sustentati, S.: lecticā paulisper depositā: intermittere proelium, Cs.: sedit tacitus paulisper, donec, etc., L.
    * * *
    for (only) a short time/brief while

    Latin-English dictionary > paulisper

  • 14 meritoria

    mĕrĭtōrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to the earning of money, by which money is earned, for which money is paid, that brings in money (class.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    vehicula,

    Suet. Calig. 39:

    balinea,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17:

    cenaculum,

    Suet. Vit. 7:

    artificia,

    Sen. Ep. 88, 1:

    salutatio,

    by which one hopes to obtain money, interested, id. Brev. Vit. 14, 3:

    in meritorio stabulo,

    Paul. Sent. 2, 31, 16.—
    B.
    Subst.: mĕrĭtōria, ōrum, n., places or rooms which are let out for a short time, Juv. 3, 234: facere, to let out rooms for a short time (opp. locare, to rent by the year), Dig. 7, 1, 13.—
    II.
    In partic., of or belonging to the earning of money by prostitution, that earns money by prostitution:

    pueri,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105:

    scorta,

    Suet. Claud. 15.—
    B.
    Subst.: mĕrĭtōrium, ii, n., a bawdy-house, brothel (post-class.), Firm. Math. 6, 31.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meritoria

  • 15 meritorium

    mĕrĭtōrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to the earning of money, by which money is earned, for which money is paid, that brings in money (class.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    vehicula,

    Suet. Calig. 39:

    balinea,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17:

    cenaculum,

    Suet. Vit. 7:

    artificia,

    Sen. Ep. 88, 1:

    salutatio,

    by which one hopes to obtain money, interested, id. Brev. Vit. 14, 3:

    in meritorio stabulo,

    Paul. Sent. 2, 31, 16.—
    B.
    Subst.: mĕrĭtōria, ōrum, n., places or rooms which are let out for a short time, Juv. 3, 234: facere, to let out rooms for a short time (opp. locare, to rent by the year), Dig. 7, 1, 13.—
    II.
    In partic., of or belonging to the earning of money by prostitution, that earns money by prostitution:

    pueri,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105:

    scorta,

    Suet. Claud. 15.—
    B.
    Subst.: mĕrĭtōrium, ii, n., a bawdy-house, brothel (post-class.), Firm. Math. 6, 31.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meritorium

  • 16 meritorius

    mĕrĭtōrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to the earning of money, by which money is earned, for which money is paid, that brings in money (class.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    vehicula,

    Suet. Calig. 39:

    balinea,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17:

    cenaculum,

    Suet. Vit. 7:

    artificia,

    Sen. Ep. 88, 1:

    salutatio,

    by which one hopes to obtain money, interested, id. Brev. Vit. 14, 3:

    in meritorio stabulo,

    Paul. Sent. 2, 31, 16.—
    B.
    Subst.: mĕrĭtōria, ōrum, n., places or rooms which are let out for a short time, Juv. 3, 234: facere, to let out rooms for a short time (opp. locare, to rent by the year), Dig. 7, 1, 13.—
    II.
    In partic., of or belonging to the earning of money by prostitution, that earns money by prostitution:

    pueri,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105:

    scorta,

    Suet. Claud. 15.—
    B.
    Subst.: mĕrĭtōrium, ii, n., a bawdy-house, brothel (post-class.), Firm. Math. 6, 31.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meritorius

  • 17 lilium

    līlĭum, ĭi, n. [leirion], a lily:

    lilium rosae nobilitate promixum est,

    Plin. 21, 5, 11, § 22; 21, 19, 74, § 126; Varr. R. R. 1, 35; Pall. Febr. 21, 3:

    candida,

    Verg. A. 6, 709:

    lucida,

    Prop. 3, 11 (4, 12), 30:

    argentea,

    id. 4, 4, 23:

    hiantia,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 115:

    breve,

    short-lived, that blooms but for a short time, Hor. C. 1, 36, 16: rubens, = krinon, a reddish kind of lily, Plin. 21, 5, 11, § 24.—
    II.
    Transf., a sort of defence, consisting of several rows of pits, in which stakes were planted, rising only four inches above the surface of the ground, Caes. B. G. 7, 73, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > lilium

  • 18 parum-per

        parum-per adv.,    for a little while, for a short time, a while, a moment: opperire hic, wait a bit, T.: cunctatus parumper dum, L.: haec cum dixisset, parumper conticuit: ora Attendas, Iu.

    Latin-English dictionary > parum-per

  • 19 paulisper

    paulisper ( paull-), adv. [paulumper], for a little while, for a short time (cf. parumper):

    quasi solstitialis herba, paulisper fui: Repente exortus sum, repentino occidi,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 36; id. Aul. 4, 10, 75:

    paulisper mane,

    id. As. 5, 2, 30; Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 45:

    paulisper tace,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 41; id. Rud. 2, 7, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 12:

    lectica paulisper deposita,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; id. Leg. 1, 13, 39:

    paulisper intermittere proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5.—
    (β).
    With dum or donec, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 65; id. Rud. 4, 3, 97:

    Milo paulisper, dum se uxor, ut fit, comparat, commoratus est,

    Cic. Mil. 10, 28:

    sedit tacitus paulisper, donec nuntiatum est, etc.,

    Liv. 28, 26 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > paulisper

  • 20 paullisper

    paulisper ( paull-), adv. [paulumper], for a little while, for a short time (cf. parumper):

    quasi solstitialis herba, paulisper fui: Repente exortus sum, repentino occidi,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 36; id. Aul. 4, 10, 75:

    paulisper mane,

    id. As. 5, 2, 30; Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 45:

    paulisper tace,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 41; id. Rud. 2, 7, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 12:

    lectica paulisper deposita,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; id. Leg. 1, 13, 39:

    paulisper intermittere proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5.—
    (β).
    With dum or donec, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 65; id. Rud. 4, 3, 97:

    Milo paulisper, dum se uxor, ut fit, comparat, commoratus est,

    Cic. Mil. 10, 28:

    sedit tacitus paulisper, donec nuntiatum est, etc.,

    Liv. 28, 26 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > paullisper

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